河南省对口升学英语语法专题复习七、形容词和副词
形容词和副词
复习要点提纲
一、掌握形容词和副词比较级与最高级的变化规则
二、掌握形容词和副词比较等级常用句型
原级常用的句型结构有:
a.“as+形容词原级/副词原级+as”否定句可以把第一个as换成so。
b.“倍数+as+形容词原级/副词原级+as”。
比较级常用的句型结构有:
a.“(倍数)+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than……”。
b.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
c.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
最高级常用的句型结构有:
a.“the+(序数词)+形容词最高级/副词最高级+(单数名词)+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
b.“one of+the+最高级+名词(复数)”结构表示“最……之一”。
三、兼有两种形式的副词
▲close与closely
close意思是“接近地”;closely 意思是“仔细地,密切地”。
▲late 与lately
late意思是“晚”;lately意思是“最近地;近来地”。
▲deep与deeply
deep意思是“深地”,表示时间和空间深度。;deeply时常表示抽象意义上的“深深地”。
▲high与highly
high表示空间高度,“高的”;highly表示程度,相当于much,意为“高度地,非常地”。
▲wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度,“广阔地”; widely意思是“广泛地”。
▲hard与hardly
hard“辛苦地,努力地”;hardly“几乎不,几乎没有”。
▲almost 与nearly
两者都有“几乎,差不多”,但almost比nearly更接近些。注意:almost可以与never, nobody, nothing, no, none等否定词连用,而nearly不可以。
复习内容:
形容词和副词
① 掌握形容词和副词原级的基本用法
② 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
形容词和副词的构成方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |
单音节词和少数双音节词 | 一般在词尾加-er或-est | tall
young fast |
taller
younger faster |
tallest
youngest fastest |
以字母e结尾的词,加-r或-st | large
late |
larger
later |
largest
latest |
|
重读音节词且只有一个辅音字母结尾时,先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est | big
hot thin fat |
bigger
hotter thinner fatter |
biggest
hottest thinnest fattest |
|
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est | busy
heavy early happy |
busier
heavier earlier happier |
busiest
heaviest earliest happiest |
续表
形容词和副词的构成方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |
多音节词和少数双音节词 | 在词前加more或most | important
difficult delicious beautiful carefully interesting |
more important more difficultmore delicious more beautifulmore carefully more interesting |
most important most difficult
most delicious most beautiful most carefully most interesting |
掌握一些常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化,如:
good/well→better→best, bad/ill→worse→worst, many/much→more→most,
little→less→least, far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
③ 掌握形容词和副词三个等级的常用基本句型。
原级常用的句型结构有:
a.“as+形容词原级/副词原级+as”否定句可以把第一个as换成so。如:
Robert is as smart as his father. 罗伯特和他父亲一样聪明。
Tom is not as/so tall as his brother. 汤姆没有他哥哥高。
b.“倍数+as+形容词原级/副词原级+as”。如:
The room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍。
This river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条的三倍长。
比较级常用的句型结构有:
a.“(倍数)+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than……”。如:
Beijing is colder than Zhengzhou in winter. 冬天北京比郑州冷。
Asia is four times larger than Europe. 亚洲比欧洲大3倍。
b.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。如:
The more you read, the easier English becomes. 你读的越多,英语就变得越容易。
c.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如:
It’s getting colder and colder. 天变得越来越冷了。
She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮。
最高级常用的句型结构有:
a.“the+(序数词)+形容词最高级/副词最高级+(单数名词)+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
This apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中,这个苹果最大。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
b.“one of+the+最高级+名词(复数)”结构表示“最……之一”。
Ningbo is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 宁波是中国最美丽城市之一。
(注):副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前可以不用定冠词the。如:
He runs fastest of the three. 三人中他跑得最快的。
He draws best. 他画的最好。
④了解much, far/by far, any, a lot, a little等词用来修饰比较级。如:
The box is much heavier than that one. 这个箱子比那个沉的多。
She is far better than the other student. 她比其他学生更优秀。
Are you feeling any better? 你感觉好些了吗?
注意下面兼有两种形式的副词
▲close与closely
close意思是“接近地”;closely 意思是“仔细地,密切地”。如:
He lives close to me. 他住得离我很近。
Watch him closely. 仔细观察他。
▲late 与lately
late意思是“晚”;lately意思是“最近地;近来地”。如:
You come late again. 你又来晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 你最近在干什么呢?
▲deep与deeply
deep意思是“深地”,表示时间和空间深度。如:go deep(下去得深)、sink deep(沉的深);deeply时常表示抽象意义上的“深深地”。如:
He often works deep into the night. 他经常工作到深夜。
We deeply moved by her story. 我们被她的故事深深感动了。
▲high与highly
high表示空间高度,“高的”;highly表示程度,相当于much,意为“高度地,非常地”。如:
The plane was flying high. 飞机正在高空飞行。
I think highly of your opinion. 我非常的认可你的意见。
▲wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度,“广阔地”; widely意思是“广泛地”。如:
He opened the door wide. 他把门敞开着。
Open your eyes wide. 把你的眼睛睁大些。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛应用。
▲hard与hardly
hard“辛苦地,努力地”;hardly“几乎不,几乎没有”。如:
We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。
I hardly understand you. 我几乎不理解你。
▲almost 与nearly
两者都有“几乎,差不多”,但almost比nearly更接近些。注意:almost可以与never, nobody, nothing, no, none等否定词连用,而nearly不可以。
It is almost/nearly six o’clock now. 现在快六点了。
I almost know none of you. 我几乎不认识你们中的任何人。
形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级专项
( )56.China is one of the _____countries in the world
A.large B.larger C.more large D.largest
( )57.Of the two toys,the child chose ______.
A.the expensive one B.one most expensive
C.a least expensive D.the more expensive of them
( )58.Our English teacher is one of _____ teachers in our school.
A.popular B.more popular
C.most popular D.the most popular
( )59.Alice takes good care of the pet dog.She is______ than her sister.
A.patient B.more patient
C.most patient D.the most patient
( )60.In the exam, the _____ careful we are, the _____ mistakes we’ll make.
A.less; more B.more; less
C.more; fewer D.more; more
( )61.Which do you like _____, fish,meat,or chicken?
A.well B.better C.best D.more
( )62.If you want to be _____, you have to eat _____ food and take _____ exercise.
A.thinner; fewer; more B.thinner; little; more
C.thin; few; less D.thinner; less; more
( )63.Please listen as ______ as possible so that you won’t make any mistakes.
A.careful B.much carefully
C.more carefully D.carefully
( )64.They have produced _____ steel this year as they did five years ago.
A.twice as much B.twice as many
B.twice much as D.twice many as
( )65.—-I feel ______ before the interview.
—-Take it easy. Sure you are the best.
A.patient B.serious C.nervous D.cool
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