复合句之宾语从句

复习要点提纲：

1、掌握宾语从句

2、理解直接引语变间接引语的方法和规律

复习内容：

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

① 作动词的宾语

1. 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。如：

I heard (that) he is married. 我听说他结婚了。（that只作引导，不作句子成分，也没有词义）

1. 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句。如：

She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。（what作宾语从句的主语，有词义）

I wonder whether you can help me. 我想知道你是否能帮我。（whether不作句子成分，但有词义）

1. 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我她将接受我的邀请。

② 作形容词的宾语。如：

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我担心我犯了一个错误。

I am sure (that) he will succeed sooner or later. 我确信他迟早会成功。

③ it 可以作为形式宾语。如：

it 可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：

We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. 我们认为雾终于散去了，是个好消息。

注意：

1. 宾语从句需用陈述句语序。如：

These photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片将向你展示我们的村子看起来像什么样。不能说：

These photographs will show you what does our village look like.

Do you know what time the movie starts? 你知道电影开始的时间吗？

不能说：Do you know what time does the movie start?

1. doubt、be sure/certain后宾语从句的引导词用法

doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导宾语从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导宾语从句；be sure/certain用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的宾语从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的宾语从句。如：

I doubted whether he can finish the task on time. 我怀疑他是否能按时完成任务。

Do you doubt that he is right? 你怀疑他是对的吗？

He is certain that our football team will win. 他确信我们队会赢的。

I am not sure whether/if he will come here today. 我不确定他今天是否来这里。

理解直接引语变间接引语的方法和规律

① 直接引语若是陈述句。将其变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常常省略），且从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要根据具体语境做相应的变化。

1. 人称的变化。如：

He said, “I want to see you”. 他说：“我要见你”。

→He said that he wanted to see me. 他说他要见我。

1. 时态的变化。

如果主句的谓语动词为现在时，将直接引语变为间接引语时，从句谓语动词在时态方面则无须变化；如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，则从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。一般变化情况如下表所示：

 

将直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态的变化

一般现在时→一般过去时

现在进行时→过去进行时

现在完成时→过去完成时

一般过去时→过去完成时

过去完成时不变

一般将来时→过去将来时

注意：

1. 如果直接引语是表示客观规律的，那么时态仍然用一般现在时，如：

“The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us. 老师告诉我们：“地球绕着太阳转。”

→The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

1. 当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，将其变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：

Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l,1980.” 小王说：“我生于1980年4月21日。”

→Xiao Wang said that he was born on April 21,1980. 小王说他生于1980年4月21日。

1. 指示代词，表示时间、地点的副词或时间状语和个别动词在由直接引语变成间接引语时的变化规则如下：

this→that, these→those, now→then/at that moment, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, the day before yesterday→two days before, tomorrow→the next day/the following day, the day after tomorrow→two days after/in two days, next week/month/year→the next week/month/year, last week/ month/year →the week/month/year before, here→there, come→go, bring→take。如：

“I came here yesterday.” Tim said to me. “我两天前来过这里。”提姆对我说。

→Tim told me he had gone there the day before. 提姆告诉我一天前他去过那里。

② 直接引语若是一般疑问句。将其转换为间接宾语时，应将一般疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序，且句末用句号。其人称、时态等相应的变化也与转述陈述句的间接引语相同。如：

He said, “Do you like English, John?” 他问：“约翰，你喜欢英语吗”

→He asked John if he liked English. 他问约翰是否喜欢英语。

③ 直接引语若是特殊疑问句。将其转换为间接引语时，应将原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句，并需将疑问式改为陈述式，且句末用句号。如：

“Which room do you live in?” He asked. 他问：“你住哪个房间呢？”

→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。

④ 直接引语若是祈使句。将其变为间接引语时，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order等）（not）to do···”句型。如：

The teacher said to the students: “Stop talking.” 老师对学生说“不要说话”。

→The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师告诉学生不要说话。

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” 他说：“孩子们，不要发出噪音”。

→He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要发出噪音。

直接引语与间接引语/宾语从句专项

（    ）126．A foreigner asked me,“Can you tell me where the nearest bus station is?”

→ A foreigner asked me _____．

A．if I can tell her where the nearest bus station is

B．if can I tell her where is the nearest bus station

C．if I could tell her where the nearest bus station was

D．if could I tell her where was the nearest bus station

（    ）127．Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”

→Our teacher told us that _____.

A．light travels faster than sound B．light traveled faster than sound

C．light has traveled faster than sound D．light is traveling faster than sound

（    ）128．He asked ,“How are you getting along?”

→ He asked ______．

A．how am I getting along B．how are you getting along

C．how I was getting along D．how was I getting along

（    ）129．He said ,“Don’t do that again.”

→ He ______me______that again.

A．said to ; not to do           B．said to ;don’t do

C．told ; don’t do                   D．told ; not to do

（    ）130．She said that she______ to Beijing.

A．has never gone B．had never been

C．has never been D．had never gone

（    ）131.She asked us _______.

A．what she doing at eight last night

B．what was he doing at eight last night

C．what we were doing at eight last night

D．what were we doing at eight last night

（    ）132．I don’t know ______ he will agree to the plan or not.

A．weather B．why        C．if         D．whether

(     )133. I want to know______.

A.whom is she looking after            B.whom she is looking

C.whom is she looking                D.whom she is looking after

(     )134.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A.how they were excited              B.how excited they were

C.how excited were they              D.they were how excited

(     )135.He made _____ quite clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.

A.this         B.that          C.it          D.what

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