河南省对口升学英语语法专题复习二、代词
代词
代词复习要点提纲:
一、代词的分类
1、人称代词
2、物主代词
3、指示代词
4、疑问代词
5、反身代词
6、不定代词
二、代词知识点
1、掌握人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词的用法
2、理解反身代词、不定代词的用法
3、掌握it的用法
*it句型小结:1)It is +adj. for/of sb. to do…
2)It is +no use/good doing…
3)It takes sb. some time to do…
4)动词+it +adj. +不定式或that从句
5)It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分(注意:强调人时用who)
代词复习内容:
① 掌握人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法;理解反身代词和不定代词的基本用法。
- 人称代词的用法:人称代词是用来指代人或事物的词,分为主格和宾格。人称代词在句中作主语时用其主格,作宾语时用其宾格。
人
称 |
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||||
我 | 我们 | 你 | 你们 | 他 | 她 | 它 | 他们 | |
主格 | I | we | you | you | he | she | it | they |
宾格 | me | us | you | you | him | her | it | them |
- b. 物主代词的用法:物主代词就是人称代词的所有格,分为形容词性物主代词 (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词 (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句中用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。如:
This is my room and that’s hers=her room. 这个是我的房间,那个是她的房间。
That isn’t my car. Mine=My car is at home. 那不是我的车,我的车在家里。
- 指示代词的用法:用来指代说话者和听话者共同熟悉的人或物的代词。掌握this, that, these和those的用法。this (these复指) 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that (those复指) 常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。如:
This is my English book and that is yours. 这是我的英语书,那是你的英语书。
These boys are in Class Four, and those are in Class Five. 这些男孩子是四班的,那些是五班的。
注意:在表示前后对比的句子中,通常用that来代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词,用those来代替复数名词。
如:The weather in Zhengzhou is different from that in Shanghai.郑州的天气跟上海不同。
His ideas are different from those of his friends.他的想法跟他朋友的想法不同。
- 疑问代词的用法:特殊疑问句中表示疑问内容的代词。掌握which, what, whom, whose和who的用法。who, whom, whose指人,what指物,which既可指人又可指物。如:
—Who is he?(他是谁) —He is my uncle/James.
—What is he?(询问职业或地位)—He is a farmer/worker.
- e. 不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类,也是最常考的一类,作为理解的内容应注意以下几点:
▲some与any
some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句。如:
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。
There isn’t any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。
但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some而不用any。如:
Can I have some apples? —Certainly. 我能吃点苹果吗?—当然可以。
Would you like some orange juice? 喝点橙汁怎么样?
some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。如:
She went to some place in England. 她去了英国某个地方。
▲both, either与neither
都指两者之间的不定代词:both(两者都),either(两者中任一个),neither(两者都不)。如:
Both of them like popular songs. 他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。
You may take either of the two. 你可以从两个中间挑选任何一个。
Neither of my parents enjoys music. 我父母都不喜欢音乐。
▲both与all
both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。
This problem can be worked out in both ways(定语). 这两种方法都可以解决这个问题。
Both of the boys are here(主语). 这两个男孩都在这里。
We both like watching TV(同位语). 我们俩都喜欢看电视。
注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。
Both the doors are not open. 两扇门并不都开着。
Neither of the doors is open. 两扇门都不开。
all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,可与可数或不可数名词连用,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的、全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money. 他给了我所有的钱。
These are all my clothes. 这些是我全部的衣服。
注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。
Not all the ants go out for food=All the ants don’t go out for food. 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。
▲many与much
many和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。
Many of the farmers grow rice. 许多农民种稻子。
Much of the land was flooded. 大片土地被水淹没。
▲little/a little与 few/a few的用法:
little和a little后接不可数名词。few和a few后接可数名词复数。其中few和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;而a few和a little则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
▲all, every, each的用法
从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every强调考虑总体中的所有成员 (与all很接近),each则强调个体;如:
We all like playing basketball. 我们都喜欢打篮球。
Every worker was there and each did his work. 每个工人都在那儿,各人做各人的工作。
Each has his good point. 各人有各人的优点。
注意:all和each后都可以加of…, 但every不可以。如:
All of us had a good time in summer holiday. 我们在暑假玩得都很开心。
Every/Each student in our class has a dictionary. 我们班每个学生都有一本词典。
Each of them is wearing full dress. 他们个个都身着盛装。(主语,不能用every)
We each have a ticket. 我们每个人都有票。(同位语,不能用every)
The Olympic Games are held every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次。(表示“每隔……”,不能用each)
从含义上看,each指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用each。
如:There are many flowers on each side of the river. 河岸两边有许多花。
▲other, the other, others, another的用法。
若特指两者中的另一个用the other;指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词);another另一个,再,又。如:
Many people are in the park, some are singing, others are dancing. 许多人在公园里,一些人在唱歌,另一些在跳舞。
We learn Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. 我们学习语文、英语、数学和其他科目。
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请再给我一个。
I will be back in another ten days. 我再过十天回来。
▲no one, nobody, none的用法
no one与nobody用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,其后都不能接of短语,用作
主语时,谓语用单数;而none既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接of短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体),主要根据说话人意思决定。如:
No one/Nobody is in the room. 没有人在房间里。
None of the students has/have got the ticket. 没有学生有票。
None of the books is /are interesting. 没有一本书有趣。
- f. 复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词主要包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody, everyone,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中,something, someone 等和anything, anyone的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句或疑问句。
复合不定代词使用时应注意以下几点:
▲受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
There isn’t anything interesting in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上没什么有趣的事情。
▲指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:
If anybody (anyone) comes, ask him (them) to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
▲anyone, everyone只能指人,不能指物,且其后不接of短语。若是指物或后接of短语,可用 any one of…, every one of…(即分开写)。如:
Every one of them likes playing football. 他们中的每个人都喜欢踢球。
Does any one of you like the song? 你们中有任何人喜欢这首歌吗?
- 理解反身代词的用法
反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格+self/selves”构成。见下表:
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |
单数 | myself | yourself | himself/ herself/ itself |
复数 | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
反身代词主要用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。如:
All of them are enjoying themselves. 所有的人正玩得很开心。
You’d better take good care of yourself. 你最好照顾好自己。
- 掌握it的用法
▲代替事和物。如:I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜爱游泳。它使我身体健康。
▲表示时间、距离、自然现象和环境等。如:What is the time? It is half past ten. 几点了?十点半。
It is a fine day, isn’t it? 天气真好,不是么?
▲掌握it作形式主语的用法: 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。如:
It’s necessary to learn English well. 把英语学好是有必要的。
也可说:To learn English well is necessary.
It is no use waiting for him here. 在这里等他没用。(it作形式主语,真正的主语为动名词短语。)
▲掌握it用作形式主语的两种重要句型:
- It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事……
It is important for us to master a foreign language. 对我们来说掌握一门外语很重要。
It was foolish of her to say such words. 她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。
注意:介词of与for的区别:of用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等。如nice, kind, foolish, stupid, selfish;介词for表示对象,意为“对……来说”,如necessary, important, difficult, impossible等。
- It takes/tooksb.+时间段+to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间
It took me two days to finish reading this book. 读完这本书花了我两天的时间。
▲了解it形式宾语的用法。
I found it very interesting to study English. 我觉得学习英语很有趣。(it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式)
I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们保持镇静很重要。(it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为that从句)
▲了解it用在强调结构中。陈述句的强调句型是:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。如:
It is Tom who/that told me the news. 是汤姆告诉我这个消息的。
It was in the park that I met Mr. Green. 我是在公园见到格林先生的。
代词专项练习
( )11.______is foolish ______ you to make such a mistake.
A.It; for B.It ;of C.That; for D.This; of
( )12.I’m so tired that I don’t want to do______at the moment.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
( )13.— What else do you want?
— _____ else.I think I have got everything ready.
A.Something B.Nothing C.Anything D.Everything
( )14.— Is this bike yours?
— Yes, it is _____.
A.my B.mine C.me D.bike
( )15.Mr. Wang is very friendly,and _____ all like him very much.
A.us B.our C.we D.ours
( )16.Boys and girls, help _____ to some drink, please.
A.you B.your C.yourselves D.yourself
( )17.— Whose pencil is it on the desk? — ______.
A.Mine B.It is him C.He is here D.It’s everybody
( )18.I found ______ important to read English aloud in the morning.
A.that B.it C.this D.the one
( )19.I bought ______ a lovely book for _____ birthday.
A.he; his B.him; his C.his; him D.him; him
( )20.The story book doesn’t belong to ______.
A.yours B.me C.our D.their
( )21.There is _____ with my phone. It is not working.
A.something wrong B.nothing wrong
C.wrong something D.wrong nothing
( )22.The weather here is different from ______ of Zhengzhou.
A.this B.that C.these D.those
( )23._____ student needs to be careful when crossing the street.
A.All B.Both C.Everyone D.Every
( )24.He asked me whether small oranges are often sweeter than big _______.
A.those B.ones C.one D.that
( )25.You’ll have to go _____ two miles before you get there.
A.other B.either C.neither D.another
注:需要专项练习答案与考点解析的朋友请微信联系张老师。
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