河南省对口升学英语语法专题复习九、动词时态

zstarstar发布

动词的时态(1——2)

动词的时态复习要点提纲:

一、常用时态分类

1、一般现在时

2、一般过去时

3、一般将来时

4、现在进行时

5、过去进行时

6、现在完成时

二、常用时态的用法

熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时的用法。

理解过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。

复习内容:

掌握动词的常用六种时态

  1. 熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时的用法。理解过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。
动词的时态 构    成 例    句
1. 一般现在时 用原形,第三人称单数原形加 s/es I like reading.

He gets up at six o’clock every morning.

2. 一般过去时 一般动词后加ed;

be的过去式was, were;

do的过去式 did

I worked very late last night.

She was a teacher once.

He did good job.

3. 一般将来时 will/shall do They will be free next week.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing They are reading now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were+doing      I was having a bath when the phone rang.
6. 现在完成时 have/has+done    He has already finished his homework.
过去完成时 had + done We had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.
过去将来时 should/ would + do She said she would go to Beijing for the holiday.
  • 一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。一般现在时的谓语动词用动词原形表示,但主语是第三人称单数时,谓语要在动词原形词尾加s或es。一般现在时谓语动词变化规则如下:

第三人称单数的构成 变化规则 例词
一般情况 加s reads, writes, says
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的词 加es passes, fixes, teaches, wishes, does
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i,再加es study→studies, carry→carries, try→tries

一般现在时的用法如下:

1)表示经常或习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。如:

He often helps grandmother with the housework. 他经常帮奶奶做家务。

Sometimes I go to work by subway. 有时候我坐地铁去上班。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早晨我通常七点离开家。

I never play computer games. 我从不打电脑游戏。

2)在以How often 开头的问句及其答句中,通常用一般现在时:

—How often do you go to the shopping mall? 你多久去一商场?

— I go once a week. 我每周去一次。

3)表示现在存在着的状况。即表示现在时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或情况。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无限期地延续下去。如:

My father is at work.  我父亲在工作。

The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。

4)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。如:

All my family can swim. 我们家人都会游泳。

My sister is always ready to help others. 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

5)表示客观真理,科学事实及客观存在。如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

6)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, meet, stay, return等表示位移的动词。这种用法往往用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的时候。如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30. 音乐会定于7时30分开始,9时30分结束。

7)由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句及if引导的条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时,从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作,即“主将从现”。如:

I’ll call you when I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京后会打电话给你。

I will tell him the good news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个好消息。

I will be very happy if my mother comes to see me this weekend. 如果妈妈这个周末来看我,我将很开心。

  • 一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或阶段发生的动作或存在的状态,谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成包括规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed,不规则动词的过去式要逐个记。规则动词加ed的变化情况如下:

 

动词过去式的构成 变化规则 例词
一般情况 加ed   looked, played, worked
以字母e结尾 加d liked, lived, hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加ed study→studied,

cry→ cried

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾又只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed plan→planned, stop→stopped

 

掌握一般过去时以下几种基本用法:

1)表示过去发生到现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况,它们可能是最近发生的,也可能是许久以前发生的。用一般过去时时,通常指动作何时发生,而不指动作持续多久。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week/month/year/, an hour/moment ago, just now, at that time, the other day, in 2021等连用。如:

We moved to Shanghai last year. 去年我们搬去了上海。

I was in the post office a moment ago. 刚才我在邮局。

After a few years, she started to play the piano. 几年后,她开始弹钢琴。

2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often, always, usually等表示频度的副词连用。如:

We usually played together when we were young. 我们小的时候通常一起玩。

We often went out for a walk after supper. 过去我们常在晚饭后散步。

  • 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其用法如下:

1)will或shall+动词原形,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。will用于各种人称,shall用于第一人称或第三人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为’ll,will not常简缩为won’t。如:

I’ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 明天上午我将在校门口和你见面。

I shall be late home tonight. 我今晚会晚一会儿回家。

Shall we go now? 我们现在可以离开吗?

2)be going to +不定式,这种结构表示“决定、打算要做什么事,表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思,即计划、安排要发生的事。如:

I am going to spend the holiday with my friends.我打算和朋友一起度过假期。

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

3) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。如:

I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year. 明年我将每个星期六来看你。

4)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。如:

I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。

Maybe she’ll go to the zoo. 也许她会去动物园。

5)用“现在进行时”(即be+doing)表示将来的用法。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事。如:

The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日将出发。

6)用“一般现在时”表示将来的用法。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。如:

The train leaves at 9:00 this evening. 火车今晚九点开。

Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。

(注):掌握“will”表将来和“be going to”表将来的区别:will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体时间,可以指遥远的将来。而be going to指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生,通常表示很快就要发生的事情。如:

I believe it will be fine tomorrow. 我相信明天将是好天气。

It is going to rain soon. 很快要下雨了。

  • 现在进行时

现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。现在进行时的谓语动词由助动词be+动词的现在分词形式构成。掌握现在分词的构成规则:

 

现在分词的构成 变化规则 例词
一般情况 在动词后加-ing listening, spending, staying
以不发音的-e结尾的动词 去掉e,再加ing smile→smiling, move→moving, write→writing
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写末尾的辅音字母再加ing sit→sitting, plan→planning, prefer→preferring, put→putting, stop→stopping, get→getting
以字母-ie结尾的动词 通常将ie改为y,再加ing lie→lying, die→dying

现在进行时的用法:

1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间连用。如:

He is drawing a picture now. 他正在画画。

2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动,说话时动作未必正在进行。如:

I’m reading a novel these days. 这些天我在读一本小说。(说话时并未读完, 一段时间一直进行。)

He is thinking about this problem. 这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

He’s always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。

4)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。如:

I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

注意:掌握一般现在时和现在进行时基本用法的区别:

1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:

I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)

I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)

2)现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。如:

What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?(现阶段进行的动作)

They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。(现阶段持续的动作)

They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。(动作的重复)

They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。(动作的重复)

  • 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作。

肯定式:主语+助动词were/was+doing+其它

I was doing my homework when my mother came in. 妈妈进来的时候我正在写作业。

否定式:主语+助动词were/was +not+doing+其它

I was not watching TV at seven last night. 昨天晚上七点钟我没有看电视。

疑问式:助动词were/was+主语+现在分词+其它

Was Mary playing computer games at this time yesterday? 玛丽昨天这个时候在玩电子游戏吗?

What were you doing when I called you? 我给你打电话时,你在干什么?

  • 现在完成时

现在完成时的用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅),ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前),recently/lately(最近),so far/up to now (到目前为止),since(自从),by now,for+一段时间等连用。

肯定式:主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它。如:

She has lost her books. 她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)

否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它。如:

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。

疑问式:助动词Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其它。如:

—Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗?

—Yes,I have.是的,我去过。

时态专项

(    )81.The supermarket is far from Mary’s home,so she ______ only once a week.

A.goes shopping    B.has been there   C.was shopping   D.has gone there

(    )82.Do you know why he ______ at home last night?

A.isn’t      B.wasn’t            C.not      D.not in

(    )83.I ______ to the cinema. I______ there every Sunday.

A.go; go  B.am going; go   C.go; going D.am going; am going

(    )84.I _____ to see an old friend of mine when I was walking on the street yesterday.

A.happens B.happen     C.would happen D.happened

(     )85.The Anti-Japanese War ______ in1937 and it ______ eight years.

A.was broken out ;lasted B.broke out;lasted

C.break out; lasts     D.broke out; last

(    )86.He ______ to do his lessons at eight every morning.

A.is beginning     B.is begining     C.begin   D.begins

(    )87.He _____ in a minute. Ask someone else to do it.

A.left     B.leaving     C.has left    D.is leaving

(    )88.She ______ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.

A.has lived  B.had lived     C.lived     D.will live

(    )89.He_____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.

A.has collected     B.had collected   C.collected D.will collected

(    )90.—What _____ the noise,Bill?

—Sorry, I broke my glass.

A.is    B.was     C.has been   D.will be

(    )91.I don’t watch the movie tonight, I ______ it before.

A.will see  B.have seen      C.saw D.had seen

(    )92.— Do you know if he _____ to play football with us?

— I think he will come if he _____ free tomorrow.

A.comes; is            B.will come; is

C.will come; will be     D.comes; will be

(    )93.The film _____on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.

A.has been     B.had been     C.was      D.is

(    )94.Our teacher told us that the earth ______ from west to east.

A.turn B.turns  C.has turned D.had turned

(    )95.If you often _____ in class,you can’t go to any college and you have to work.

A.sleeps  B.don’t sleep C.doesn’t sleep D.sleep

(    )96.—I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in.

—Sorry, I _______ in the shop with my mother.

A.am B.will be C.was C.have been

(    )97.—Do you know who took the students to the old people’s home, Tony?

—Well, Mr. Smith _______.

A.took B.does C.did  D.do

(    )98.When you ______ at a restaurant,please order just enough food.

A.will eat  B.eat C.ate D.have eaten

(    )99.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.

A.is changing   B.had changed

C.will have changed D.will change

(    )100.Look! The boys are ______ football, while the girls are ______.

A.playing; dance B.playing; dancing

C.play; dancing  D.play; dance

(    )101.He always _____ early in the morning to catch the first bus.

  1. get up      B.got up      C.gets up      D.gets on

(    )102.The boy is always ______ loudly in class.We don’t like him.

A.talk B.talking C.talked     D .to talk

(    )103.She asked him whether he ______ back for lunch.

A.come B.was coming     C.came      D.had come

(    )104.When I got home, my son _____ the music.

A.am listening to B.listened to

C.was listening to D.was listening

(    )105.She ______ dinner when her son came in.

A.has cooked  B.had cooked C.was cooking  D.would cook

(    )106.We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.

A.were watching  B.would watch  C.watch  D.watched

(    )107.Haven’t you _____ your homework yet?

A.to finish B.finishing C.finished D.finish

(    )108.I _____ in the city since I was born.

A.live B.lived C.have lived D.had lived

(    )109.Lei Feng _____ for many years, but his spirit still encourages us.

A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead

(    )110.I _____ to Beijing many times but I have never been to Shanghai.

A.go B.have been C.have gone D.went

注:需要专项练习答案与考点解析的朋友请微信联系张老师。

哔哩哔哩直播间欢迎您:

https://live.bilibili.com/21808904


0 条评论

发表回复

Avatar placeholder