河南省对口升学英语语法专题复习九、动词时态
动词的时态(1——2)
动词的时态复习要点提纲:
一、常用时态分类
1、一般现在时
2、一般过去时
3、一般将来时
4、现在进行时
5、过去进行时
6、现在完成时
二、常用时态的用法
熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时的用法。
理解过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。
复习内容:
掌握动词的常用六种时态
- 熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时的用法。理解过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。
动词的时态 | 构 成 | 例 句 |
1. 一般现在时 | 用原形,第三人称单数原形加 s/es | I like reading.
He gets up at six o’clock every morning. |
2. 一般过去时 | 一般动词后加ed;
be的过去式was, were; do的过去式 did |
I worked very late last night.
She was a teacher once. He did good job. |
3. 一般将来时 | will/shall do | They will be free next week. |
4. 现在进行时 | am/is/are+ doing | They are reading now. |
5. 过去进行时 | was/were+doing | I was having a bath when the phone rang. |
6. 现在完成时 | have/has+done | He has already finished his homework. |
过去完成时 | had + done | We had learned 1000 words by the end of last year. |
过去将来时 | should/ would + do | She said she would go to Beijing for the holiday. |
- 一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。一般现在时的谓语动词用动词原形表示,但主语是第三人称单数时,谓语要在动词原形词尾加s或es。一般现在时谓语动词变化规则如下:
第三人称单数的构成 | 变化规则 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加s | reads, writes, says |
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的词 | 加es | passes, fixes, teaches, wishes, does |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 | 变y为i,再加es | study→studies, carry→carries, try→tries |
一般现在时的用法如下:
1)表示经常或习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。如:
He often helps grandmother with the housework. 他经常帮奶奶做家务。
Sometimes I go to work by subway. 有时候我坐地铁去上班。
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早晨我通常七点离开家。
I never play computer games. 我从不打电脑游戏。
2)在以How often 开头的问句及其答句中,通常用一般现在时:
—How often do you go to the shopping mall? 你多久去一商场?
— I go once a week. 我每周去一次。
3)表示现在存在着的状况。即表示现在时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或情况。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无限期地延续下去。如:
My father is at work. 我父亲在工作。
The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。
4)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。如:
All my family can swim. 我们家人都会游泳。
My sister is always ready to help others. 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
5)表示客观真理,科学事实及客观存在。如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
6)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, meet, stay, return等表示位移的动词。这种用法往往用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的时候。如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30. 音乐会定于7时30分开始,9时30分结束。
7)由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句及if引导的条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时,从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作,即“主将从现”。如:
I’ll call you when I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京后会打电话给你。
I will tell him the good news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个好消息。
I will be very happy if my mother comes to see me this weekend. 如果妈妈这个周末来看我,我将很开心。
- 一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或阶段发生的动作或存在的状态,谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成包括规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed,不规则动词的过去式要逐个记。规则动词加ed的变化情况如下:
动词过去式的构成 | 变化规则 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加ed | looked, played, worked |
以字母e结尾 | 加d | liked, lived, hoped |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 | 变y为i再加ed | study→studied,
cry→ cried |
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾又只有一个辅音字母 | 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed | plan→planned, stop→stopped |
掌握一般过去时以下几种基本用法:
1)表示过去发生到现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况,它们可能是最近发生的,也可能是许久以前发生的。用一般过去时时,通常指动作何时发生,而不指动作持续多久。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week/month/year/, an hour/moment ago, just now, at that time, the other day, in 2021等连用。如:
We moved to Shanghai last year. 去年我们搬去了上海。
I was in the post office a moment ago. 刚才我在邮局。
After a few years, she started to play the piano. 几年后,她开始弹钢琴。
2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often, always, usually等表示频度的副词连用。如:
We usually played together when we were young. 我们小的时候通常一起玩。
We often went out for a walk after supper. 过去我们常在晚饭后散步。
- 一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其用法如下:
1)will或shall+动词原形,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。will用于各种人称,shall用于第一人称或第三人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为’ll,will not常简缩为won’t。如:
I’ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 明天上午我将在校门口和你见面。
I shall be late home tonight. 我今晚会晚一会儿回家。
Shall we go now? 我们现在可以离开吗?
2)be going to +不定式,这种结构表示“决定、打算要做什么事,表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思,即计划、安排要发生的事。如:
I am going to spend the holiday with my friends.我打算和朋友一起度过假期。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
3) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。如:
I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year. 明年我将每个星期六来看你。
4)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。如:
I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。
Maybe she’ll go to the zoo. 也许她会去动物园。
5)用“现在进行时”(即be+doing)表示将来的用法。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事。如:
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日将出发。
6)用“一般现在时”表示将来的用法。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。如:
The train leaves at 9:00 this evening. 火车今晚九点开。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
(注):掌握“will”表将来和“be going to”表将来的区别:will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体时间,可以指遥远的将来。而be going to指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生,通常表示很快就要发生的事情。如:
I believe it will be fine tomorrow. 我相信明天将是好天气。
It is going to rain soon. 很快要下雨了。
- 现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。现在进行时的谓语动词由助动词be+动词的现在分词形式构成。掌握现在分词的构成规则:
现在分词的构成 | 变化规则 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 在动词后加-ing | listening, spending, staying |
以不发音的-e结尾的动词 | 去掉e,再加ing | smile→smiling, move→moving, write→writing |
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 | 双写末尾的辅音字母再加ing | sit→sitting, plan→planning, prefer→preferring, put→putting, stop→stopping, get→getting |
以字母-ie结尾的动词 | 通常将ie改为y,再加ing | lie→lying, die→dying |
现在进行时的用法:
1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间连用。如:
He is drawing a picture now. 他正在画画。
2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动,说话时动作未必正在进行。如:
I’m reading a novel these days. 这些天我在读一本小说。(说话时并未读完, 一段时间一直进行。)
He is thinking about this problem. 这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
He’s always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。
4)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。如:
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
注意:掌握一般现在时和现在进行时基本用法的区别:
1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
2)现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。如:
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?(现阶段进行的动作)
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。(现阶段持续的动作)
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。(动作的重复)
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。(动作的重复)
- 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作。
肯定式:主语+助动词were/was+doing+其它
I was doing my homework when my mother came in. 妈妈进来的时候我正在写作业。
否定式:主语+助动词were/was +not+doing+其它
I was not watching TV at seven last night. 昨天晚上七点钟我没有看电视。
疑问式:助动词were/was+主语+现在分词+其它
Was Mary playing computer games at this time yesterday? 玛丽昨天这个时候在玩电子游戏吗?
What were you doing when I called you? 我给你打电话时,你在干什么?
- 现在完成时
现在完成时的用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅),ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前),recently/lately(最近),so far/up to now (到目前为止),since(自从),by now,for+一段时间等连用。
肯定式:主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它。如:
She has lost her books. 她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)
否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它。如:
I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。
疑问式:助动词Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其它。如:
—Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗?
—Yes,I have.是的,我去过。
时态专项
( )81.The supermarket is far from Mary’s home,so she ______ only once a week.
A.goes shopping B.has been there C.was shopping D.has gone there
( )82.Do you know why he ______ at home last night?
A.isn’t B.wasn’t C.not D.not in
( )83.I ______ to the cinema. I______ there every Sunday.
A.go; go B.am going; go C.go; going D.am going; am going
( )84.I _____ to see an old friend of mine when I was walking on the street yesterday.
A.happens B.happen C.would happen D.happened
( )85.The Anti-Japanese War ______ in1937 and it ______ eight years.
A.was broken out ;lasted B.broke out;lasted
C.break out; lasts D.broke out; last
( )86.He ______ to do his lessons at eight every morning.
A.is beginning B.is begining C.begin D.begins
( )87.He _____ in a minute. Ask someone else to do it.
A.left B.leaving C.has left D.is leaving
( )88.She ______ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.
A.has lived B.had lived C.lived D.will live
( )89.He_____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.
A.has collected B.had collected C.collected D.will collected
( )90.—What _____ the noise,Bill?
—Sorry, I broke my glass.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
( )91.I don’t watch the movie tonight, I ______ it before.
A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.had seen
( )92.— Do you know if he _____ to play football with us?
— I think he will come if he _____ free tomorrow.
A.comes; is B.will come; is
C.will come; will be D.comes; will be
( )93.The film _____on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.
A.has been B.had been C.was D.is
( )94.Our teacher told us that the earth ______ from west to east.
A.turn B.turns C.has turned D.had turned
( )95.If you often _____ in class,you can’t go to any college and you have to work.
A.sleeps B.don’t sleep C.doesn’t sleep D.sleep
( )96.—I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in.
—Sorry, I _______ in the shop with my mother.
A.am B.will be C.was C.have been
( )97.—Do you know who took the students to the old people’s home, Tony?
—Well, Mr. Smith _______.
A.took B.does C.did D.do
( )98.When you ______ at a restaurant,please order just enough food.
A.will eat B.eat C.ate D.have eaten
( )99.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.
A.is changing B.had changed
C.will have changed D.will change
( )100.Look! The boys are ______ football, while the girls are ______.
A.playing; dance B.playing; dancing
C.play; dancing D.play; dance
( )101.He always _____ early in the morning to catch the first bus.
- get up B.got up C.gets up D.gets on
( )102.The boy is always ______ loudly in class.We don’t like him.
A.talk B.talking C.talked D .to talk
( )103.She asked him whether he ______ back for lunch.
A.come B.was coming C.came D.had come
( )104.When I got home, my son _____ the music.
A.am listening to B.listened to
C.was listening to D.was listening
( )105.She ______ dinner when her son came in.
A.has cooked B.had cooked C.was cooking D.would cook
( )106.We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.
A.were watching B.would watch C.watch D.watched
( )107.Haven’t you _____ your homework yet?
A.to finish B.finishing C.finished D.finish
( )108.I _____ in the city since I was born.
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.had lived
( )109.Lei Feng _____ for many years, but his spirit still encourages us.
A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead
( )110.I _____ to Beijing many times but I have never been to Shanghai.
A.go B.have been C.have gone D.went
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