河南省对口升学英语语法专题复习一、名词
名词
复习要点提纲:
一、理解名词的分类
1、专有名词与普通名词
2、可数名词与不可数名词
二、名词考查知识点
1、掌握可数名词变复数的规则
2、掌握修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词
3、掌握名词的所有格
复习内容:
名词:表示人或事物的名称
① 理解名词的分类。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词
- 专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如:Shanghai, John, The People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the, 如:the Great Wall(长城),the Yellow River(黄河),the West Lake(西湖)。如果姓氏采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens(格林一家),the Smiths (史密斯一家)。
- 普通名词是表示人、事物及抽象概念等名称的词,如:student,man,book, foot, money, love, idea。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
②掌握名词的“数”和名词的“格”的变化规则
- 名词的数量修饰词
能够修饰可数名词的词有:数词、冠词、指示代词及many/a good many/ many a /few/a few/a number of/the number of/numbers of/dozens of/ scores of/some/ a lot of/lots of/ plenty of/enough等。
- 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,主要是物质名词和抽象名词。如water,coffee,news, advice, friendship, information等。
能够修饰不可数名词的词有:much/little/a little/a great deal of/ a bit of/a large (great) amount of/some/ a lot of/lots of/plenty of/enough等。
③ 掌握可数名词变复数的规则
- 多数单数名词词尾直接加s。如:book→books, bird→birds, student→students, doctor→doctors等。
- 以s,x ,sh,ch结尾的名词后加es。如:class→classes, box→boxes, dish→dishes, watch→watches等。
- 少数以o结尾的名词,变复数时加es。如:hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes,而其他的词一般在词尾加s,如:photo→photos, logo→logos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos等。
- 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, wife→wives, thief→thieves, wolf→wolves, city→cities, fly→flies, country→countries, baby→babies等。
- 以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:life→lives, knife→knives等。但chief(首领)、gulf(海湾)、cliff(悬崖)、roof(屋顶)、safe(保险箱),直接加s。
- 不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish, Chinese→Chinese, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice, child→children等。
- 理解不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk等。
④ 掌握名词的两种所有格(’s属格和of属格)形式的基本构成和基本用法
- 主要表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s,如my sister’s handbag(我姐姐的手提包),Mary’s book(玛丽的书)。但有时也可用于无生命的东西,如today’s paper(今天的报纸);以s或es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加’。如Teachers’ Day(教师节),若不是s结尾的复数名词的所有格,则需要加’s,如Children’s Day(儿童节),Women’s Day(妇女节),men’ s shoes(男鞋)。
注意:表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s,即采用A and B’s的形式,如:Tom and Jim’s room(汤姆和吉姆共同的房间),Lucy and Lily’s mother(露西和莉莉的妈妈);表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加’s,即采用A’ s and B’s的形式,如Tom’s and Jim’s rooms(汤姆和吉姆各自的房间),Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers(露西和莉莉各自的妈妈)。
- of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中,如a map of the world(一张世界地图),the capital of China(中国的首都);表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格,如:the children of the family(那家的孩子们),the name of the cat(这只猫的名字)。
名词专项练习
( )26.Let the children go away.They are making too much _______ here.
A.noise B.voice C.sound D.songs
( )27.There are five _______ in our company.
A.woman driver B.women drivers
C.woman drivers D.women driver
( )28.On the table, there are three _______.
A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.piece of tomato
( )29.How ______ rice do you need?
A.many B.much C.some D.any
( )30.There is _______ in today’s newspaper.
A.many information B.much information
C.many informations D.much informations
( )31.I’d like to have a glass of milk and _____.
A.two bread B.two pieces of bread
C.two breads D.two pieces of breads
( )32._____ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A.Julia’s and Mary’s B.Julia and Mary’s
C.Julia and Mary D.Julia’s and Mary
( )33.The _____ of the houses were covered with ______.
A.roofs, leafs B.roves, leaves C.roves,leafs D.roofs,leaves
( )34.The book is not mine, but _______.
A.Mary B.of Mary C.Mary book D.Mary’s
( )35.John went to his doctor for ______ about his illness.
A.some advice B.an advice C.advices D. the advices
注:需要专项练习答案与考点解析的朋友请微信联系张老师。
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